A glossary of health terminology: D to E

In your quest to start becoming healthier by eating better, you may come across words you don't recognize. Here are some — starting with the letter 'D' — and the definition for each to help you.

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA):

The basic genetic material of all cells, DNA is the "genetic blueprint" that causes characteristics to be passed from one generation to the next.

DHA:

An omega-3 fatty acid, DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) is important for all phases of the human life cycle. A major building black of human brain tissue and the primary structural fatty acid in the gray matter of the brain and retina, DHA is vital for brain and eye health. Studies indicate that DHA may have cardiovascular benefits as well as neurological benefits. Although the body has enzymes that convert alpha-linolenic acid to DHA, you get it more efficiently by eating oily fatty fish such as herring, mackerel, salmon, sardine and trout.

Electrolytes:

Substances that separate into ions that conduct electricity when fused or dissolved in fluids. In the human body, sodium, potassium and chloride are electrolytes essential for nerve and muscle function and for maintaining the fluid balance as well as the acid-alkali balance of cells and tissues.

Ellagic acid:

A phenolic compound with potent antioxidant capabilities, ellagic acid is thought to fight cancer by inducing cancer cell death as well as by neutralizing carcinogens such as tobacco smoke and air pollution. Sources include apples, apricots, berries, grapes, pomegranates and walnuts.

Endorphins:

Natural painkillers made by the brain, with effects similar to those of of opium-based drugs, such as morphine.

Enzymes:

Protein molecules that are catalysts for many of the chemical reactions that take place in the body.

EPA:

An omega-3 fatty acid, eicosapentaenoic acid is linked to cardiovascular and anticancer benefits, and may help improve inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. Although the body has enzymes that convert alpha-linolenic acid to EPA, you get it much more directly and more efficiently by eating oily fatty fish.

Epinephrine:

Also called adrenaline, this is an adrenal hormone that prepares the body to react to stressful situations.

Essential fatty acids (EFAs):

The building block of necessary fats, EFAs must be obtained through foods. They help form cell membranes, aid in immune function and produce important hormones. Food sources include canola oil, fatty fish (such as herring, mackerel, salmon, sardines and trout), flaxseed oil, sunflower seeds, walnuts and wheat germ.